Incidence of extrauterine growth retardation and its risk factors in very preterm infants during hospitalization: a multicenter prospective study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China.@*METHODS@#A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group (n=1 189) and non-EUGR (n=1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR (P<0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.

Metformin inhibits apoptosis by regulating TET2-Foxo3a pathway after spinal cord injury / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:Through TTC staining, immunohistochemical analysis, RT-PCR and hind limb motor function evaluation and other experimental methods, to explore the regulatory mechanism of metformin on anti-apoptosis in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods:Establish a rat spinal cord injury model. Through Basso-Beattie -Bresnahan locomotor rating scale (BBB) and cant test to evaluate the recovery of hindlimb motor function in rats. The changes of necrotic area of spinal cord tissue were compared by TTC staining. Extraction of rat spinal cord tissue, by Dot blot analysis and immunohistochemical detection of the hydroxyl of DNA methylation level. By qPCR, Western Blot detection TET2mRNA and protein expression level, and the changes in the scope of spinal cord injury were detected by inhibiting the expression of TET2. The interaction between TET2 and Foxo3a was detected by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. Through RT-PCR assay Foxo3a downstream related changes in the level of gene expression.Results:Compared with the SCI+NS group, the necrotic area of the spinal cord tissue was reduced after metformin treatment, and the BBB score and the incline test score were higher ( P<0.05). At the same time, we found that the levels of TET2mRNA and protein increased significantly after SCI at 24 h, and the 5-hmC level of DNA increased. The levels of TET2mRNA and protein and 5-hmC increased further after the use of metformin. After using SC-1, compared with the SCI+MET group, the level of 5-hmC decreased and the area of infarction increased. After SCI, the mRNA levels of downstream genes Bim, P27kip, Bax increased significantly. After metformin treatment, the mRNA levels of Bim and Bax were lower than those in the SCI+NS group ( P<0.05). After SCI, the 5-hmC levels of downstream genes Bim, P27kip, Bax increased significantly. After metformin treatment, the 5-hmC levels of Bim and Bax were lower than those in the SCI+NS group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Metformin can promote the interaction between TET2 and Foxo3a, increase the 5-hmC level of the overall DNA, and inhibit the activation of related apoptosis genes, thereby improving tissue damage and nerve function recovery after spinal cord injury.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of enterovirus 71 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease based on the active monitoring in Guangdong Province in 2011-2015 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) infection epidemic characteristics of Guangdong Province from 2011 to 2015.@*Methods@#We colleted data on common cases of hand-foot-mouth disease infected with EV-A71 reported from eight sentinel hospitals in Guangdong Province from January 2011 to December 2015, through the "Guangdong Province Acute Infectious Disease Surveillance Information Platform System" , including the age and incidence of cases. Time and etiological data, etc.We also collected data on the number of reported cases of HFMD disease and the number of laboratory-confirmed cases, through the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System" , including data on common cases of HFMD disease, data on epidemics of severe cases and deaths, and the age, onset time, and pathogens of cases. Learning data, etc.The data from two sources were used to estimate the incidence of HFMD in EV-A71 and describe its distribution characteristics.Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rate of HF-A71 infection in hand-foot-mouth disease and the difference in estimated incidence among different age groups and months.@*Results@#Eight sentinel hospitals from 2011 to 2015 reported a total of 1 855 common cases of EV-A71 infection, of which the highest was in 2014 (31.6%, 605/1 916) and the lowest was in 2015 (6.8%, 134/1 971) (χ2=521.85, P<0.001).According to the Disease Surveillance Reporting Information System, 1 772 516 cases of HFMD disease were reported from 2011 to 2015 in Guangdong Province, and 1 902 cases of severe and fatal cases of EV-A71 infection.The composition ratio of EV-A71 infected was 72.6% (1 775/2 444) and 97.0% (127/131) of severe HFMD disease in Guangdong province during 2011-2015.The average annual incidence of HF-A71 infection in all age groups showed a decreasing trend with age (χ2trend=990 273.20, P<0.001), and it was the highest in the 1-year-old group, which was 1 697.67/100 000, and the lowest in the 4-year-old group, which was 705.46/100 000. The difference of monthly average incidence of EV-A71 infection in HF-A71 in each month was statistically significant (χ2=401.23, P<0.001), the highest in May at 15.51 per 100 000, and the lowest in July at 9.42 per 100 000.@*Conclusion@#EV-A71 infection rate of ordinary HFMD varies in different years. The most severe and death cases of HFMD were EV-A71 infected. 1 year old children were the high-risk group of infected with EV-A71 HFMD. April was the epidemic months of EV-A71 HFMD infection.

Antitumor effect of capsaicin on colorectal carcinoma xenograft in nude mice / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of capsaicin on nude mice xenografted with colorectal carcinoma cells, and to explore its mechanism of action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A nude mouse model of colorectal cancer was established by subcutaneous inoculation of human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nicked labeling assay (TUNEL) was undertaken to detect the cell proliferation and apoptosis in the xenograft tissue in nude mice. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HSP27, Cyt-C and active caspase-3.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tumor growth of the groups C10 and C20 was significantly slower than that of the group NS. The integrated optical density (IOD) of both the group C5 (2532.14 ± 578.11) and group C10 (6364.03 ± 1137.98) was significantly higher than that of the group NS (760.12 ± 238.05), (P < 0.05). The integrated optical density (IOD) of the group C20 was (15743.96 ± 1855.95), significantly higher than that of the groups C10, C5 and NS (all were P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the cytoplasmic expression of HSP27 was strongly positive in the group NS, and significantly reduced with the increasing dose of capsaicin in the treated groups. The expression of active caspase-3 and Cyt-C in the group NS was weakly positive, and was significantly increased with the increasing dose of capsaicin in the groups C5 and C10 (P < 0.05), and the expression of active caspase-3 and Cyt-C of the group C20 was significantly higher than that of the groups C5, C10 and NS (P < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed that both the expressions of HSP27 of the group C5 (0.73 ± 0.05) and the group C10 (0.41 ± 0.03) were significantly lower than that of the group NS (P < 0.05). The expression of HSP27 of the group C20 (0.22 ± 0.06) was significantly lower than that of the groups C5, C10 and NS (P < 0.01). The expressions of active-caspase-3 and Cyt-C in the group C5 were (2.57 ± 0.34) and (2.03 ± 0.38), significantly higher than those of the group NS (P < 0.05). The expressions of active-caspase-3 and Cyt-C in the group C10 were (4.23 ± 0.45) and (3.13 ± 0.44), also significantly higher than those of the group NS (P < 0.05). The expressions of active-caspase-3 and Cyt-C in the group C20 were (5.78 ± 0.48) and (4.92 ± 0.52), significantly higher than those of the group C5, C10 and NS (P < 0.01). TUNEL analysis showed that there was a significant difference of cell apoptosis in comparison of each two groups. The higher dose of capsaicin was used, the more apoptosis was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Capsaicin can significantly inhibit the tumor growth and induce cell apoptosis in the colorectal carcinoma xenograft in nude mice. Its mechanism of action is possibly related with the down-regulation of HSP27 expression and up-regulation of expression of active caspase-3 and Cyt-C in the colorectal carcinoma xenograft in nude mice.</p>

HPLC determination of hydroxysafflor yellow A in Mongolian medicine Dedu Honghuaqiwei pill / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for the determination of hydroxysafflor yellow A in Dedu Honghuaqiwei pill.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The determination was performed by HPLC method on Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column at 403 nm using methanol-acetonitrile-0.7% phosphoric acid-water (26: 2: 72) as mobile phase. The column temperature was 30 degrees C and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linear rang of hydroxysafflor yellow A was 0.068-0.408 microg and the recovery was 97.66%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The result is accurate with good resolution, and the established method can be applied to determine the content of hydroxysafflor yellow A in Dedu Honghuaqiwei pill.</p>

Detection of Yersinia pestis-specific F1 antigen by a double monoclonal antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the sensitivity and specificity of a double monoclonal antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DMcAbS-ELISA)for the detection of F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis (Y.pestis).Methods Viscera (viz.liver and spleen)specimens of infected mice with virulent Y.pestis and negative control mice were detected by bacteriological test,DMcAbS-ELISA and reverse indirect hemagglutination assay (RIHA) for the F1 antigen.Results The 225 control specimens were all negative tested by plague bacteriology testing,DMcAbS-ELISA and RIHA.A total of 308 plague-infected mouse organ specimens were tested,and the positive detection rate was 92.21％ (284/308),90.91％(280/308) and 89.61％ (276/308),respectively,with germiculture,DMcAbS-ELISA and RIHA,and the difference was not statistically significant(x2=5.65,P＞0.05).The coincidence rate of DMcAbS-ELISA and bacterial culture was 97.00％[(274+243)/533],Kappa =0.940;RIHA in line with the rate was 99.25％[(276+253)/533],Kappa =0.985.Authenticity comparison of F1 antigen detection in viscera specimens:sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,adjusted agreement and Youden's index was 96.48％(274/284),97.59％(243/249),97.86％ (274/280),96.05 ％(243/253),96.99％[1/4×(274/280+274/284+243/253+243/249)]and 0.9407,respectively,for DMcAbS-ELISA and 96.13％(273/284),98.80％(246/249),98.91％(273/276),95.72％(246/257),97.39％[1/4×(273/276+273/284+246/257±246/249)]and 0.9492,respectively,for RIHA.The detection sensitivity of DMcAbS-ELISA and RIHA was 2.7×104 cfu/ml and 2.2×105 cfu/ml,for Y.pestis,respectively,and was 10 μg/L for F1 antigen.Conclusions DMcAbS-ELISA assay is a sensitive,specific,simple and fast method for detection of the F1 antigen,and it has a potential application value in rapid diagnosis of plague.

Gold-immunochromatography assay for detection of Yersinia pestis F1 antigen / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the sensitivity and specificity of gold-immunochromatography assay (GICA) for detection of Yersiniapestis(Y. pestis ) F1 antigen. Methods Viscera organ(liver and spleen) specimens of 308 mice with virulent Y. pestis infection and 225 control specimens of rats(217 Spermophilus dauricus, 5 mice,3 guinea pigs) were detected by GICA dipstick with monoclonal antibody against plague F1 antigen (F1MAb).Meanwhile, micro-method of reverse indirect hemagglutination assay(RIHA) and bacteria culture were carried out for parallel testing. Results Bacteriological examination of 225 control specimens, and F1 antigen detected with GICA and RIHA were all negative. No cross-reaction with related Yersinia pseudotuberculosis at 1 x 108 cfu/ml level was found in GICA and RIHA. Detection sensitivity of Y. pestis by GICA and RIHA were 2.5 × 105 cfu/ml and 2.0 × 105 cfu/ml, respectively, and of F1 antigen were 1μg/L and 10 μg/L, respectively. Coincidence was 97.94% (522/533) between GICA and bacteriological test, Kappa = 0.959, and the difference was statistically insignificant(x2 = 0.36, P ＞ 0.05); and 97.94%(522/533) between GICA and RIHA, Kappa = 0.959, with statistically significant difference in the positive detection rates(x2 = 9.09, P ＜ 0.05). Out of the 308 infected mice, 284 were positive of plague bacterial cultured, In 284 samples with positive bacterial culture, there were 280 of positive detected by GICA for F1 antigen, positive rate of F1 antigen was 98.59%, higher than that by RIHA[the positive rate of 96.13%(522/533)], with statistically significant difference(x2 = 5.14, P ＜ 0.05). Sensitivity of GICA was 98.59% (280/284), specificity was 97.19% (242/249), positive predictive value (PPV) was 97.56% (280/287),negative predictive value ( NPV ) was 98.37% (242/246), and Youden index was 0.9578. Conclusions GICA is sensitive and specific, fast and simple in detection of F1 antigen of the plague. It's a valuable detection technique for early and rapid diagnosis of plague.

Study on immunization of Balb/c mice with F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the doses and methods of F1 antigen(F1Ag) to immune Balb/c mice during the establishment of hybridoma cell strains. Secreting McAbs against F1Ag of Yersinia pestis. Methods Balb/c mice of seven to nine weeks old were randomly divided into six groups. The first four groups were 150, 100, 50 and 25 μg F1Ag inoculated group, having multipoint hypodermic inoculation of F1Ag of 150, 100, 50 and 25 μg followed by multipoint hypodermic inoculation of F1Ag of 100 μg for a second time and then intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg. Next, hypodermically inoculated group received F1Ag of 100 μg for three times in multiple points. Finally, the intraperitoneal injection group was intraperitoneally inoculated with F1Ag of 100 μg for three times. Emulsification liquid of F1Ag + Complete Frednd's adjuvant(CFA) of equivalence was used in the first inoculation, emulsification liquid of F1Ag + Incomplete Frednd's adjuvant(IFA) balanced mix in the second, F1Ag liquid in the third. One week afterwards, tail blood of the mice was collected to test antibody titers of anti-F1Ag by double antigens sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAgS-ELISA) and trace indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA). Results The levels of antibody of anti-F1Ag in 150,100,50 and 25 μg groups had statistics difference (DAgS-ELISA method: G = 12 173.87,13 440.37,15 024.19 and 4466.72, F= 3.11, P< 0.05;IHA: G = 19 972.32,18 089.40,23 170.47 and 4871.08, F = 4.11, P < 0.05). Immune effect of the 3 groups of 150, 100 and 50 μg was almost the same (P> 0.05), and excelled as compared with that in 25 μg group with statistics difference(DAgS-ELISA method: t = 2.18,2.39,2.73, P < 0.05;IHA: t = 2.54,2.73,3.13, P< 0.05). The titer of F1 antibody had an increasing trend from the 100 μg group to hypodermic group and intraperitoneal injection groups, but without statistics difference (DAgS-ELISA method: G = 8933.44, 9986.16, 13 440.37;IHA: G = 13 777.25,16 384.00, 18 089.40, F = 0.66,0.25, all P > 0.05). Conclusions Hyodermical inoculation of F1Ag with the first dose of 50 μg in multiple points for mouse is appropriate, and a strengthening dose of 100 μg in an intraperitoneal injection may shorten the immune period.